「湖の貴婦人」の版間の差分

1行目:

~~The '''Lady of the Lake''' ({{langx|fr|~~Dame du ~~Lac, Demoiselle~~ du Lac}}) is a title used by multiple characters in the [[Matter of Britain]], the body of medieval literature and mythology associated with the legend of [[King Arthur]]. As either actually [[fairy]] or fairy-like yet human enchantresses, they play important roles in various stories, notably by providing Arthur with the sword [[Excalibur]], eliminating the wizard [[Merlin]], raising the knight [[Lancelot]] after the death of [[King Ban|his father]], and helping to take the dying Arthur to [[Avalon]] after [[Battle of Camlann|his final battle]]. Different Ladies of the Lake appear concurrently as separate characters in some versions of the legend since at least the [[Post-Vulgate Cycle]] and consequently the seminal ''[[Le Morte d'Arthur]]'', with the latter describing them as members of a hierarchical group, while some texts also give this title to either [[Morgan le Fay|Morgan]] or [[Morgause|her sister]].<ref>"Morgan is also later said to be either a sister or the Lady herself. Descriptions of [the Lady] as a fairy queen are also similar to Geoffrey's depiction of Morgan on the Isle of Avalon to whom Arthur is taken to be healed after Camlan." {{Cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Tony |title=King Arthur: Man or Myth |year=2020 |pages=172}}</ref>

湖の貴婦人（フランス語： Dame du Lac、Demoiselle du Lac ）は、アーサー王伝説に関連する中世文学および神話群である「ブリテンの物語」に登場する複数のキャラクターによって使われる称号である。実際に妖精であるか、妖精のような人間の魔女として、アーサーに剣・エクスカリバーを提供したり、魔法使いマーリンを倒したり、父の死後に騎士ランスロットを蘇らせたり、最後の戦いの後、瀕死のアーサーをアヴァロンへ連れて行くのを手伝ったりと、様々な物語で重要な役割を果たしている。少なくとも「ポスト・ヴルゲート・サイクル」以降、そして後に大きな影響を与えた『アーサー王の死』以降、いくつかのバージョンの伝説では、湖の貴婦人たちが別々のキャラクターとして同時に登場し、後者では彼女たちを階層的なグループの一員として描写している。また、一部の文献では、この称号がモーガンまたはその姉妹であるモルゴースに与えられることもある。

湖の貴婦人（フランス語： Dame du Lac、Demoiselle du Lac ）は、アーサー王伝説に関連する中世文学および神話群である「ブリテンの物語」に登場する複数のキャラクターによって使われる称号である。

== 名前と起源 ==

==~~Names and origins~~==

Today, the Lady of the Lake is best known as the character called either '''Nimue''', or several scribal variants<ref>Christopher Bruce (1999) ''The Arthurian Name Dictionary''. In manuscript form, the letters ''u, n, v'' (written ''ıı'') are all easily confounded, as is ''m'' with any of them plus the vowel ''i'' (all written ''ııı'') or any two of them with ''im'' or ''mi'' (all written ''ıııı'').</ref> of '''Ninianne''' and '''Viviane'''. French and foreign medieval authors and copyists since the early 13th century produced various forms of the latter two. Such forms include '''Nymenche''' (in addition to Ninianne / '''Ninienne''') in the [[Vulgate Cycle|Vulgate]] ''Lancelot''; '''Nim'''['''i''']'''ane''' and '''Ui'''['''n'''/'''ui''']'''ane''' (in addition to Viviane) in the Vulgate ''Merlin'' ('''Niniane''' in the version ''Livre d'Artus''); '''Nin'''['''i''']'''eve''' / '''Nivene''' / '''Niviène''' / '''Nivienne''' and '''Vivienne''' in the [[Post-Vulgate Cycle|Post-Vulgate]] ''Merlin'' ('''Niviana''' in the Spanish ''Baladro del Sage Merlin''); and '''Nimiane''' / '''Niniame''' and '''Vivian''' / '''Vivien''' in ''[[Of Arthour and of Merlin|Arthour and Merlin]]'' and [[Henry Lovelich]]'s ''Merlin''. Further variations of these include alternate spellings with the letter ''i'' written as ''y'', such as in the cases of '''Nymanne''' ('''Nimanne''' as in Michel le Noir's ''Merlin'') and '''Nynyane''' (Niniane).<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fGAoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT82|title=Merlin: Priest of Nature|last=Markale|first=Jean|date=1995|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-1620554500|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nitze|first=William A.|date=1954|title=An Arthurian Crux: Viviane or Niniane?|journal=Romance Philology|volume=7|issue=4|pages=326–330|issn=0035-8002|jstor=44938600}}</ref> According to Lucy Paton, the most primitive French form of this name might have been Niniane.<ref name=":3">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/studiesinfairym00patogoog|title=Studies in the Fairy Mythology of Arthurian Romance|first=Lucy Allen|last=Paton|publisher=Boston, Ginn & Co.|via=Internet Archive|year=1903}}</ref> Danielle Quéruel of the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] explains:

@@ 1行目: / 1行目: @@
-The '''Lady of the Lake''' ({{langx|fr|Dame du Lac, Demoiselle du Lac}}) is a title used by multiple characters in the [[Matter of Britain]], the body of medieval literature and mythology associated with the legend of [[King Arthur]]. As either actually [[fairy]] or fairy-like yet human enchantresses, they play important roles in various stories, notably by providing Arthur with the sword [[Excalibur]], eliminating the wizard [[Merlin]], raising the knight [[Lancelot]] after the death of [[King Ban|his father]], and helping to take the dying Arthur to [[Avalon]] after [[Battle of Camlann|his final battle]]. Different Ladies of the Lake appear concurrently as separate characters in some versions of the legend since at least the [[Post-Vulgate Cycle]] and consequently the seminal ''[[Le Morte d'Arthur]]'', with the latter describing them as members of a hierarchical group, while some texts also give this title to either [[Morgan le Fay|Morgan]] or [[Morgause|her sister]].<ref>"Morgan is also later said to be either a sister or the Lady herself. Descriptions of [the Lady] as a fairy queen are also similar to Geoffrey's depiction of Morgan on the Isle of Avalon to whom Arthur is taken to be healed after Camlan." {{Cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Tony |title=King Arthur: Man or Myth |year=2020 |pages=172}}</ref>
+湖の貴婦人（フランス語： Dame du Lac、Demoiselle du Lac ）は、アーサー王伝説に関連する中世文学および神話群である「ブリテンの物語」に登場する複数のキャラクターによって使われる称号である。実際に妖精であるか、妖精のような人間の魔女として、アーサーに剣・エクスカリバーを提供したり、魔法使いマーリンを倒したり、父の死後に騎士ランスロットを蘇らせたり、最後の戦いの後、瀕死のアーサーをアヴァロンへ連れて行くのを手伝ったりと、様々な物語で重要な役割を果たしている。少なくとも「ポスト・ヴルゲート・サイクル」以降、そして後に大きな影響を与えた『アーサー王の死』以降、いくつかのバージョンの伝説では、湖の貴婦人たちが別々のキャラクターとして同時に登場し、後者では彼女たちを階層的なグループの一員として描写している。また、一部の文献では、この称号がモーガンまたはその姉妹であるモルゴースに与えられることもある。
-湖の貴婦人（フランス語： Dame du Lac、Demoiselle du Lac ）は、アーサー王伝説に関連する中世文学および神話群である「ブリテンの物語」に登場する複数のキャラクターによって使われる称号である。
+== 名前と起源 ==
-==Names and origins==
 Today, the Lady of the Lake is best known as the character called either '''Nimue''', or several scribal variants<ref>Christopher Bruce (1999) ''The Arthurian Name Dictionary''. In manuscript form, the letters ''u, n, v'' (written ''ıı'') are all easily confounded, as is ''m'' with any of them plus the vowel ''i'' (all written ''ııı'') or any two of them with ''im'' or ''mi'' (all written ''ıııı'').</ref> of '''Ninianne''' and '''Viviane'''. French and foreign medieval authors and copyists since the early 13th century produced various forms of the latter two. Such forms include '''Nymenche''' (in addition to Ninianne / '''Ninienne''') in the [[Vulgate Cycle|Vulgate]] ''Lancelot''; '''Nim'''['''i''']'''ane''' and '''Ui'''['''n'''/'''ui''']'''ane''' (in addition to Viviane) in the Vulgate ''Merlin'' ('''Niniane''' in the version ''Livre d'Artus''); '''Nin'''['''i''']'''eve''' / '''Nivene''' / '''Niviène''' / '''Nivienne''' and '''Vivienne''' in the [[Post-Vulgate Cycle|Post-Vulgate]] ''Merlin'' ('''Niviana''' in the Spanish ''Baladro del Sage Merlin''); and '''Nimiane''' / '''Niniame''' and '''Vivian''' / '''Vivien''' in ''[[Of Arthour and of Merlin|Arthour and Merlin]]'' and [[Henry Lovelich]]'s ''Merlin''. Further variations of these include alternate spellings with the letter ''i'' written as ''y'', such as in the cases of '''Nymanne''' ('''Nimanne''' as in Michel le Noir's ''Merlin'') and '''Nynyane''' (Niniane).<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fGAoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT82|title=Merlin: Priest of Nature|last=Markale|first=Jean|date=1995|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-1620554500|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nitze|first=William A.|date=1954|title=An Arthurian Crux: Viviane or Niniane?|journal=Romance Philology|volume=7|issue=4|pages=326–330|issn=0035-8002|jstor=44938600}}</ref> According to Lucy Paton, the most primitive French form of this name might have been Niniane.<ref name=":3">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/studiesinfairym00patogoog|title=Studies in the Fairy Mythology of Arthurian Romance|first=Lucy Allen|last=Paton|publisher=Boston, Ginn & Co.|via=Internet Archive|year=1903}}</ref> Danielle Quéruel of the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] explains: